Equipment and accessories for cutting
Equipment and accessories for cutting
When it comes to equipment and accessories, for cutting, we will refer to cutting, turning, and planning equipment. The Principle of Metal Cutting all has the same principles. Regardless of the appearance of the device or the cutting knife, it has a single cutting edge or multiple cutting edges, such as:
- Single-cutting edge devices such as turning knives, planning knives
- Equipment with 2 or more cutting edges, such as endmills, drill bits, band saw blades, circular saw blades.
Whether a device has a single cutting edge or multiple cutting edges, there is a principle in building them in the same way. There is a basis for creating the configuration of cutting parameters from the same theory. Sawing metal as follows
Metal cutting principle
Metal cutting is a fundamental manufacturing process, which involves removing the material from the workpiece to shape it into the desired shape. This process is important in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and construction. Working in this way is called the Machinng Process. Therefore, cutting metal with a band saw and a band saw blade is also considered a kind of machine characteristic. Understanding the principles of metal cutting is important to increase the efficiency and quality of the machining process.
- Mechanism of metal cutting
The metal cutting process involves the interaction between the cutting tool and the workpiece. Cutting tools, which are typically made of materials that are harder than the workpiece, are used to cut the material into small pieces that fall off most of the material. The mechanism of metal cutting can be divided into two main types: right angle cutting and oblique cutting.
- Right Angle Cutting: In right angle cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tool. This type of cutting is easier to analyze and is often used in theoretical studies.
- Oblique Cutting: In oblique cutting, the cutting edge is angled to the direction of movement of the tool. This type of cutting is common in practical applications, and results in a more complex process of creating chips.
- Chip formation or chips that fall off the workpiece
Chipping is considered an important part of metal cutting. The material in front of the cutting tool will deform the plastic and be cut off into chips. The type of scrap produced depends on the properties of the material. There are three main types of chips or chips:
- Continuous chipping: occurs when cutting tough material at high speed with a sharp tool. These chips are smooth and continuous.
- Discrete chipping: occurs when cutting brittle materials or at low cutting speeds. These chips will be segmented and may result in a rough finish.
- Built-up edge: Occurs when material adheres to the cutting edge of the tool, causing uneven chips, which can affect the finish quality and tool life.
- Cutting Force
The forces involved in cutting metal are critical to understanding tool wear. The main cutting force components include:
- Cutting force (Fc): The force acting in the direction of the cutting speed.
- Thrust (Ft): A force acting perpendicular to the cutting force, usually in the direction of the tool feed, or what we call a feed.
- Radial force (Fr): The force made perpendicular to both the shear force and the thrust. It is generally in the radial direction.
These forces can be measured using a dynamometer and are influenced by factors such as cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, and tool shape.
- Tool wear and tool life
Tool wear is an important factor when cutting metal. This affects the quality of the machining surface and the overall cost of the process. There are several types of tool wear:
- Flank Wear Flank: It occurs on the side of the tool due to friction between the tool and the workpiece.
- Wear Hole Crater Wear: It occurs on the surface of the tool due to the high temperature and pressure at the interface of the chip with the tool.
- Notch Wear Notch Wear: It occurs at the depth of the cutting line due to the friction of the workpiece material.
The life of a tool refers to the amount of time the tool can be used before it needs to be replaced. Depending on the cutting condition Tool materials and workpiece materials Taylor's tool life equation is often used to predict tool life:
$$ VT^n = C $$
Where ( V ) is the cutting speed, ( T ) is the tool life, ( n ) is the tool life exponent, and ( C ) is the constant.
- Cutting Fluid or Coolant
This oil plays an important role in cutting metal by reducing friction, cooling the cutting area, and washing away debris. It can be divided into several types:
- Coolant: It is mainly used to reduce the temperature of the cutting area.
- Lubricants: Used to reduce friction between the tool and the workpiece.
- Emulsions: A mixture of oil and water, providing both cooling and lubrication
The choice of cutting fluid depends on the material being machined. Cutting conditions and environmental considerations
Summary of the importance of the principle of metal cutting
Understanding the principles of metal cutting is essential to optimize the machining process. Improve tool life and ensure high-quality surface finish. When considering factors such as the formation of debris, Cutting Force Tool wear and the use of cutting oil. Manufacturers can achieve efficient and cost-effective metal cutting.
Leong Jin we have equipment and accessories for cutting, such as:
